[GNU/Linux] How to list your hardware on Linux
30 Dec 2021
Table of Contents
Zoom on disks
lsblk
If you want to inspect your available disks, a good start is the lsblk command (as they are block devices).
❯ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 232.9G 0 disk
|-sda3 8:3 0 32G 0 part /
|-sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
|-sda5 8:5 0 7.9G 0 part [SWAP]
`-sda6 8:6 0 380M 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 465.8G 0 disk
|-sdb1 8:17 0 260.8G 0 part /opt
`-sdb2 8:18 0 205G 0 part /home
sdc 8:32 0 3.6T 0 disk
`-sdc1 8:33 0 3.6T 0 part /mnt/4To
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 romThis command is often used with the --fs option as it provides more information like the filesystem types, the percentage of disk used and the percentage of disk available.
❯ lsblk --fs
NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
sda
|-sda3 ext4 1.0 45241cf1-4fe9-4357-b752-76d11945eaa2 6.6G 74% /
|-sda4
|-sda5 swap 1 58e2c542-dd60-41f5-b126-8edebbb58914 [SWAP]
`-sda6 ext4 1.0 bc936528-0e1d-4570-bbfe-d08a8dcee118
sdb
|-sdb1 ext4 1.0 66c37c68-da96-4b71-b17d-5cbe49c9f66c 172.7G 27% /opt
`-sdb2 ext4 1.0 9d92cbcd-7108-47c6-9ae1-044e345ffa6a 96.1G 47% /home
sdc
`-sdc1 ext4 1.0 data-partition 68f066c6-181c-4be0-b2f6-af927705cf8a 2.1T 37% /mnt/4To
sr0It gives in particular the UUID of your partitions which is useful if you want to use them in your file system table /etc/fstab.
As you can see on my own :
blkid
NB: The partition UUID can also be find with the blkid command:
❯ sudo blkid
/dev/sdb1: UUID="66c37c68-da96-4b71-b17d-5cbe49c9f66c" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="fb2fdeb1-5f58-6e42-88c4-829b5b2ab449"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="9d92cbcd-7108-47c6-9ae1-044e345ffa6a" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="141b9423-d3ba-4b49-bbf7-e2779e5553ee"
/dev/sda3: UUID="45241cf1-4fe9-4357-b752-76d11945eaa2" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="89a6622e-03"
/dev/sda5: UUID="58e2c542-dd60-41f5-b126-8edebbb58914" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="89a6622e-05"
/dev/sda6: UUID="bc936528-0e1d-4570-bbfe-d08a8dcee118" BLOCK_SIZE="1024" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="89a6622e-06"
/dev/sdc1: LABEL="data-partition" UUID="68f066c6-181c-4be0-b2f6-af927705cf8a" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="6e57131a-17c4-4191-8e5d-e905acb5a019"Other commands exists. Let’s discover some of it.
findmnt
findmnt will list all mounted filesystems.
❯ findmnt
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
/ /dev/sda3 ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro
├─/sys sysfs sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ ├─/sys/kernel/security securityfs securityfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup cgroup2 cgroup2 rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate,memory_recursiveprot
│ ├─/sys/fs/pstore pstore pstore rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ ├─/sys/fs/bpf none bpf rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700
│ ├─/sys/kernel/debug debugfs debugfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ ├─/sys/kernel/tracing tracefs tracefs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ ├─/sys/kernel/config configfs configfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ └─/sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl fusectl rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
├─/proc proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ └─/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc systemd-1 autofs rw,relatime,fd=29,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=13551
│ └─/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
├─/dev udev devtmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,size=10203524k,nr_inodes=2550881,mode=755
│ ├─/dev/pts devpts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000
│ ├─/dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev
│ ├─/dev/hugepages hugetlbfs hugetlbfs rw,relatime,pagesize=2M
│ └─/dev/mqueue mqueue mqueue rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
├─/run tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=2047848k,mode=755
│ ├─/run/lock tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k
│ └─/run/user/1000 tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=2047844k,nr_inodes=511961,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000
│ └─/run/user/1000/doc portal fuse.portal rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000
├─/home /dev/sdb2 ext4 rw,relatime
├─/opt /dev/sdb1 ext4 rw,relatime
└─/mnt/4To /dev/sdc1 ext4 rw,relatimeAs you can see, it is not limited to the physical disks. To stick a bit more to what we were looking at with the previous command, we could filter on a filesystem type.
❯ findmnt -t ext4
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
/ /dev/sda3 ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro
├─/home /dev/sdb2 ext4 rw,relatime
├─/opt /dev/sdb1 ext4 rw,relatime
└─/mnt/4To /dev/sdc1 ext4 rw,relatimeOr ask for a straight list.
❯ findmnt -t ext4 -l
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
/ /dev/sda3 ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro
/home /dev/sdb2 ext4 rw,relatime
/opt /dev/sdb1 ext4 rw,relatime
/mnt/4To /dev/sdc1 ext4 rw,relatimehwinfo
hwinfo focus on the hardware, not how it is used. For example, you won’t have information on the partitions presents on your disks.
For info, it is by default not installed on my Debian base system. And may not be installed with your distribution.
So first, install it:
❯ sudo apt-get install hwinfoLike lshw that we will see later, the output of this command is verbose. I mean really verbose !
For the sake of the readability, I will focus on the disks output with the --disk option.
❯ sudo hwinfo --disk
25: IDE 201.0: 10600 Disk
[Created at block.245]
Unique ID: WZeP.58v_ZBYayE1
Parent ID: w7Y8.0iikP2qMHRD
SysFS ID: /class/block/sdb
SysFS BusID: 2:0:1:0
SysFS Device Link: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata3/host2/target2:0:1/2:0:1:0
Hardware Class: disk
Model: "Samsung SSD 860"
Vendor: "Samsung"
Device: "SSD 860"
Revision: "1B6Q"
Serial ID: "S3Z2NB0K938341W"
Driver: "ata_piix", "sd"
Driver Modules: "ata_piix", "sd_mod"
Device File: /dev/sdb
Device Number: block 8:16-8:31
Geometry (Logical): CHS 60801/255/63
Size: 976773168 sectors a 512 bytes
Capacity: 465 GB (500107862016 bytes)
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Attached to: #2 (IDE interface)
26: IDE 400.0: 10600 Disk
[Created at block.245]
Unique ID: _kuT.ik+ULzuWpw8
Parent ID: W60f._7e2gtd+2K9
SysFS ID: /class/block/sdc
SysFS BusID: 4:0:0:0
SysFS Device Link: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.5/ata5/host4/target4:0:0/4:0:0:0
Hardware Class: disk
Model: "ST4000DM004-2CV1"
Device: "ST4000DM004-2CV1"
Revision: "0001"
Serial ID: "WFN0DNST"
Driver: "ata_piix", "sd"
Driver Modules: "ata_piix", "sd_mod"
Device File: /dev/sdc
Device Number: block 8:32-8:47
Geometry (Logical): CHS 486401/255/63
Size: 7814037168 sectors a 512 bytes
Capacity: 3726 GB (4000787030016 bytes)
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Attached to: #13 (IDE interface)
27: IDE 200.0: 10600 Disk
[Created at block.245]
Unique ID: 3OOL.2CfeXKYl9DC
Parent ID: w7Y8.0iikP2qMHRD
SysFS ID: /class/block/sda
SysFS BusID: 2:0:0:0
SysFS Device Link: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata3/host2/target2:0:0/2:0:0:0
Hardware Class: disk
Model: "Samsung SSD 840"
Vendor: "Samsung"
Device: "SSD 840"
Revision: "BB6Q"
Serial ID: "S1DBNSBF775887Z"
Driver: "ata_piix", "sd"
Driver Modules: "ata_piix", "sd_mod"
Device File: /dev/sda
Device Number: block 8:0-8:15
Geometry (Logical): CHS 30401/255/63
Size: 488397168 sectors a 512 bytes
Capacity: 232 GB (250059350016 bytes)
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Attached to: #2 (IDE interface)Or even more concise:
❯ sudo hwinfo --disk --short
disk:
/dev/sdb Samsung SSD 860
/dev/sdc ST4000DM004-2CV1
/dev/sda Samsung SSD 840df
A widely used command to report file system disk space usage on your partitions is df. You will get the devices, what are their mount points, the sizes, etc.
The issue here is that only the mounted partitions will be displayed.
To get a human readable output, use the -h option.
❯ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 9.8G 0 9.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 3.0M 2.0G 1% /run
/dev/sda3 32G 24G 6.6G 78% /
tmpfs 9.8G 157M 9.7G 2% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
/dev/sdb2 201G 95G 96G 50% /home
/dev/sdb1 256G 70G 173G 29% /opt
/dev/sdc1 3.6T 1.4T 2.1T 39% /mnt/4To
tmpfs 2.0G 128K 2.0G 1% /run/user/100It won’t focus on the real physical disk partitions. This is why in my case it display tmpfs type partitions.
Other commands
You can also analyse your disks with command line programs to manipulate disk partitions like fdisk, cfdisk or parted but we won’t cover it.
Of course, there is also the GUI programs like gnome-disks (“Disks” in the application list) and gnome-system-monitor (“System Monitor” in the application list -tab “File Systems”-). but we won’t cover it either.
Hardware general overview
To have a more general overview, the lshw command can extract detailed information on the hardware configuration of the machine.
this command should be run as root if you want to have a complete overview on your hardware.
Two options are particularly interesting:
-shortto have a quick overview-class A_CLASSto filter on a specific class of device.
❯ sudo lshw -short
H/W path Device Class Description
==================================================================
system System Product Name (SKU)
/0 bus P8H67
/0/0 memory 64KiB BIOS
/0/4 processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2500K CPU @ 3.30GHz
/0/4/5 memory 256KiB L1 cache
/0/4/6 memory 1MiB L2 cache
/0/4/7 memory 6MiB L3 cache
/0/2a memory 20GiB System Memory
/0/2a/0 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
/0/2a/1 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
/0/2a/2 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
/0/2a/3 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
/0/100 bridge 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller
/0/100/1 bridge Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port
/0/100/1/0 display GP108 [GeForce GT 1030]
/0/100/1/0.1 multimedia GP108 High Definition Audio Controller
/0/100/16 communication 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1
/0/100/1a bus 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2
/0/100/1a/1 usb1 bus EHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1a/1/1 bus Integrated Rate Matching Hub
/0/100/1a/1/1/3 generic BCM20702A0
/0/100/1b multimedia 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller
/0/100/1c bridge 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1
/0/100/1c.2 bridge 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 3
/0/100/1c.3 bridge 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4
/0/100/1c.4 bridge 82801 PCI Bridge
/0/100/1c.4/0 bridge ASM1083/1085 PCIe to PCI Bridge
/0/100/1c.5 bridge 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 6
/0/100/1c.5/0 storage VT6415 PATA IDE Host Controller
/0/100/1c.6 bridge 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 7
/0/100/1c.6/0 enp8s0 network RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
/0/100/1c.7 bridge 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 8
/0/100/1c.7/0 bus ASM1042 SuperSpeed USB Host Controller
/0/100/1c.7/0/0 usb2 bus xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1c.7/0/1 usb3 bus xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1d bus 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1
/0/100/1d/1 usb4 bus EHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1d/1/1 bus Integrated Rate Matching Hub
/0/100/1d/1/1/2 generic EPSON Scanner
/0/100/1d/1/1/4 bus USB hub
/0/100/1d/1/1/4/5 input Human interface device
/0/100/1d/1/1/4/6 generic Generic USB device
/0/100/1d/1/1/5 bus USB hub
/0/100/1d/1/1/5/1 bus USB hub
/0/100/1d/1/1/5/3 input Ducky One2 Mini RGB
/0/100/1d/1/1/5/4 input Razer Mamba Charging Dock
/0/100/1d/1/1/6 bus USB2.0 Hub
/0/100/1f bridge H67 Express Chipset LPC Controller
/0/100/1f.2 scsi2 storage 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family Desktop SATA Controller (IDE mode, ports 0-3)
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0 /dev/sda disk 250GB Samsung SSD 840
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/3 /dev/sda3 volume 31GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/4 /dev/sda4 volume 107GiB Extended partition
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/4/5 /dev/sda5 volume 8105MiB Linux swap volume
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/4/6 /dev/sda6 volume 380MiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.2/0.1.0 /dev/sdb disk 500GB Samsung SSD 860
/0/100/1f.2/0.1.0/1 /dev/sdb1 volume 260GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.2/0.1.0/2 /dev/sdb2 volume 204GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.3 bus 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller
/0/100/1f.5 scsi4 storage 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family Desktop SATA Controller (IDE mode, ports 4-5)
/0/100/1f.5/0 /dev/sdc disk 4TB ST4000DM004-2CV1
/0/100/1f.5/0/1 /dev/sdc1 volume 3726GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.5/1 /dev/cdrom disk DVDR PX-880SA
/0/1 system PnP device PNP0c01
/0/2 system PnP device PNP0c02
/0/3 system PnP device PNP0b00
/0/5 system PnP device PNP0c02
/0/6 system PnP device PNP0c01
/0/7 generic PnP device INT3f0d
/1 power To Be Filled By O.E.M.
/2 power To Be Filled By O.E.M.
/3 docker0 network Ethernet interface
/4 br-c76cfd04d359 network Ethernet interfaceThe class name can be found in the previous output.
❯ sudo lshw -class disk
*-disk:0
description: ATA Disk
product: Samsung SSD 840
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: BB6Q
serial: S1DBNSBF775887Z
size: 232GiB (250GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512 signature=89a6622e
*-disk:1
description: ATA Disk
product: Samsung SSD 860
physical id: 0.1.0
bus info: scsi@2:0.1.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
version: 1B6Q
serial: S3Z2NB0K938341W
size: 465GiB (500GB)
capabilities: gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt
configuration: ansiversion=5 guid=d40f19f8-6772-4054-a57a-9b3c8469ab00 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: ST4000DM004-2CV1
physical id: 0
bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdc
version: 0001
serial: WFN0DNST
size: 3726GiB (4TB)
capabilities: gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt
configuration: ansiversion=5 guid=b43fd6a8-e22a-4d68-9a97-31f95e01c988 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=4096
*-cdrom
description: DVD-RAM writer
product: DVDR PX-880SA
vendor: PLEXTOR
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@5:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/cdrom
logical name: /dev/cdrw
logical name: /dev/dvd
logical name: /dev/dvdrw
logical name: /dev/sr0
version: 1.12
capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc